The different kinematics of mountain bike rear suspensions

The different kinematics of mountain bike rear suspensions

Today's full-suspension mountain bikes are a concentrate of technology, particularly in terms of the integration of MTB suspension. To help you make sense of it all, we'll look at the three main categories of kinematics on the market: single-pivot, four-pivot and virtual pivot points.

MOUNTAIN BIKE KINEMATICS

  • Single-pivot ;
  • Four-point pivots ;
  • Virtual pivot points.

REAR SUSPENSION KINEMATICS

Monopivots

This is the simplest and most reliable solution! The rear arm is directly connected to the front wishbone with an oversized axle and bearings. The Santacruz Heckler is a good example. There are also single-pivots with articulated bottom brackets, such as the GT, to improve pedaling behavior and avoid pumping. Mono-pivots linked to the frame by a connecting rod are a good compromise to limit the pumping effect, like the Dartmoor BlackBird model.

Benefits Disadvantages
Simple operation Pedal pumping
Easy maintenance Lack of sensitivity
Reliability Lack of progressiveness

The four pivot points

This deformable parallelogram system features an articulated connection between the triangle, the chainstays and the seatstay, with pivots and a connecting rod. The rear pivot point is generally located on the chainstay (Four Bar Linkage), but can also be found on the chainstay (Horstlink). 

Benefits Disadvantages
Superior sensitivity Complex maintenance
Progressiveness Light pumping
Independent braking
Pedaling efficiency

 

Special features Felt's Equilink system uses a connecting bar between the 2 connecting rods, allowing the wheel to move vertically when compressed, thus offering a more efficient pedaling performance. anti-squat and a kick-back.

Virtual pivot points

This kinematics system uses a rigid rear arm articulated to the wishbone by means of connecting rods. As the pivot point is not fixed, it becomes virtual as it moves. This is the ideal system for limiting pedal pumping by isolating the suspension operation.

Benefits Disadvantages
Not very sensitive to pumping Complex maintenance
Efficient braking
Progressiveness
Sensitivity & Comfort
Efficient pedaling

 

This system is found on top-of-the-range brands such as Santa Cruz with the V.P.P, Yeti and the Switch Infinity, Evil Bikes with the Delta System.

CONCLUSION

Each brand has a different vision of suspension kinematics. Some bike models will behave differently with the same shock absorbers. Although the mono-pivot is an aging kinematic model, it's still a very good compromise between simplicity and fun. Other systems are more sophisticated and complex, to deliver high-speed performance.

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